Abstract This series of reactions (Figure 1) were carried out first using benzil and sodium borohydride to form the hydrobenzoin product, then the hydrobenzoin product was combined with anhydrous acetone and iron trichloride to form the product (4S-5R)-2,2-dimethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1,3-dioxolane. A melting point range was acquired for the hydrobenzoin product, while a 1H NMR was collected to determine if the intended final product was formed and moreover the stereochemical properties of the final product. This final product was formed so as to […]
In this experiment, several device designs were employed, as well as different mixtures of a combined reagent to find which of each worked best for phosphorous detection. With the final combined reagent, the 2-channel design with narrower, 2.5-mm channel widths showed the best results, and a cleaner meeting of the two solutions. This worked fine with the most concentrated 10 ppm phosphorous, and also well with the 1.3 ppm, however the more concentrated showed better results, as would be expected. […]
Determination of Water Hardness By: Diane Krehbiel Abstract: In this experiment, the hardness of an unknown water sample will be determined. The calcium in the water will be measured by performing a titration with EDTA. Eriochrome Black T will be used as an indicator. Standardization of EDTA will be performed first and then the determination of calcium concentration. After standardizing the EDTA, the average molarity was found to be 0.01114 M. The calcium concentration was found to be 203.8 ppm […]
Determination of Phosphates in Water By: David Gould In this experiment, we determined the concentration of phosphorous in an unknown sample. This was done using standards, and then creating a calibration curve to find the unknown concentration using its absorbance. The unknown, number 35 was found to be 0.7355(±0.0589) mg/L phosphorous, which is a relatively small error. Procedure: A Combined Reagent was prepared using 50 mL of 5N sulfuric acid, 5 mL of potassium antimonyl tartrate, 15 mL ammonium molybdate, […]
By: David Gould This experiment consisted of creating various concentrations of copper solutions, and measuring the absorbance of each in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The absorbances were used to create a calibration curve, the equation from which was used to calculate an experimental concentration for the unknown I was given. This was found to be 875.3 ppm copper for Unknown #1. Further calculations showed that this gave a hydration number of approximately 2, meaning the unknown was cupric sulfate dihydrate. […]
Introduction This experiment explored aspects of gas chromatography to quantitatively and qualitatively study mixtures. This technique involves separating mixtures to gain a better understanding of the sample’s composition. Gas chromatography uses an injector port that feeds into one of two columns where the mixture is separated. The injected sample will be vaporized by the high temperature and travel down the column. The column itself comes in two varieties: packed and capillary. Packed columns are tubes that have particles that are […]