By: Ashley Martin Introduction This experiment explored the concepts of thermodynamic and kinetic products and controlling the formation of each product of the reaction of semicarbazide hydrochloride and cyclohexanone as well as semicarbazide hydrochloride and 2-furaldehyde. The kinetic product is formed under conditions where reactions that require a lot of energy are irreversible or in which there is no equilibrium achieved. The amount of product is determined by their rates of formation, which correlates to the height of the transition […]
By: Victoria Anatsui Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to learn the important separation methods of distillation/fractional distillation. These methods separate miscible liquids by utilizing their differences in boiling point. Simple distillation is great for separating liquids with very large differences in boiling points while fractional distillation is better at separating liquids with closer boiling points. Procedure: We set up both a simple and fractional distillation apparatus with 60ml of a methanol/water mixture (Unknown Bottle C) in a 100ml […]
By: Juno Kim Introduction In this experiment the concentration of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) in an unknown sample was determined through volumetric analysis. The volumetric analysis allows for the calculation of the unknown amount or concentration by a reaction with a known amount of reagent. For this lab, the unknown potassium hydrogen phthalate sample was titrated with a standardized sodium hydroxide solution. A standard solution has an accurately known concentration and for this experiment sodium hydroxide was standardized with a […]
By: Jaime Rodriguez Introduction: This lab involves performing a technique called annealing. The purpose of annealing is to alter the properties of a material by heating it. When a material is annealed it is softened, and made more ductile and malleable. It is also made more corrosion resistant. Since the material is cooled slowly, it allows for dislocations to be healed, as they are moved to surfaces and grain boundaries. The purpose of this lab is to examine how […]
By: Selina Urbina ABSTRACT The effects of a strong acid and strong base were determined by measuring the pH of a buffered and unbuffered systems. Moreover, one observes the common-ion effect on a dynamic equilibrium in this experiment. One observes the way equilibrium shifts when the concentration of one species changes. This also applies to changes in temperature in the system. Overall, this experiment take a look at LeChatelier’s principle. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment was equilibrium shifts in a […]
Overview Our unknown for this experiment was #4. The experiment had two different sections with different goals in each. In the first part, we measured the melting points of benzoic acid and mandelic acid, as well as different mixtures of these. The mixtures were: 80% benzoic with 20% mandelic, 60% benzoic with 40% mandelic, 40% benzoic with 60% mandelic, and 20% benzoic with 80% mandelic. This was done to obtain information about the eutectic composition and temperature. In the second […]