By: Kirill Polyanskiy Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to test the accuracy and precision of the person doing the experiment as well as find the density of a metal rod. The accuracy and precision with which one performs experiments is a very important factor in their success as a scientist. In this laboratory, the accuracy and precision of my own laboratory techniques was tested by finding the mass, volume, and eventually density of a brass rod and comparing […]
Determination of Chloride in an Unknown Salt By Diane Krehbiel Abstract: In this experiment, the chloride content of an unknown salt will be determined using two different methods. The first method used will be the Fajan titrimetric method which uses an adsorption indicator. The second method will use gravimetric analysis to determine chloride content. The results from both methods were very similar have average mass percent’s of 28.34% and 26.79%. This seems to indicate that the content in chloride found […]
Measuring Respiration of Germinating and Non-germinating Peas By: Krunal Patel Introduction Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks – for example, assembling polymers, pumping substances across membranes, moving, and reproducing (Campbell, and Reece 162). Heterotrophs obtains its energy for its cells by eating plants that makes it own food (Autotrophs); some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants. The most beneficial catabolic pathway in an organism is cellular respiration, in which oxygen […]
Sharpless Epoxidation In 2001 the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to K.Barry Sharpless, and shared with William S.Knowles, and Ryōji Noyori for their work on asymmetric oxidations. Epoxides are highly useful intermediates in organic synthesis, since these undergo ring opening on attack by a wide variety of nucleophiles. The regioselectivity of the ring –opening reaction is controlled by the nucleophile, the size and electronic nature of the atoms or groups on the carbon atoms of the epoxy ring […]
By: Daniel Jenkinson Abstract It was determined that the wavelength of fluorescence of PRODAN is lengthened in a more polar solvent, or when complexed in a cyclodextrin, since the energy difference between the ground and excited state is lowered due to stabilisation from polar groups. When using β-cyclodextrin, a 1:1 stoichiometry is adopted, but when using γ-cyclodextrin, a 2:1 ratio of PRODAN: cyclodextrin is preferred. The equilibrium constant for bonding with β-cyclodextrin was 8500 M-1, and the product of the […]
Nucleophilic Substitution By: Nucleophillic Substitution Introduction Nucleophilic substitution is a process in which a leaving group on a compound is replaced by a nucleophile. There are two different types of substitution reactions. They are known as SN1 and SN2 reactions. There are many differences between these two reactions. For example, SN1 are two step reactions, involving the formation of a carbocation intermediate, followed by a nucleophilic attack. These reactions are promoted by a polar protic solvent and are favored by […]